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Search Engine Tutorial  
For a quick reference go to:
Key Words,  <TITLE><BODY><META> tags,  and Url.

1. Type of search engines:

1.1 Deep Search Engines
This type of engine uses a robot or a spider (there's an arcane difference between the two that isn't very interesting) which constantly roams the World Wide Web searching for new or updated pages (what a wonderful job eh?) When the robot visits a page it reads the whole thing, including any sub-pages on the same server connected to the page it's reading, then it visits all the external links on the pages it's read...and so on, you get the idea.

A robot can only follow links. It finds pages in two ways: by visiting pages it's been told about (ie. on its submission form) or by following links from other pages. So, if your page isn't linked from anywhere else and you haven't registered it, there's no way it'll ever be found — it'll be invisible. You can actually ensure that most of the deep engines don't index your pages by using special "no follow" META tags if you want to. Meta Tag Maker will do this for you.

The point is that all the while it's storing every word on every page it visits, then compressing the information down and storing it all in its database. Now, you may be thinking "Wow! I'll always use a deep search engine to find things in future." but in practice the deep ones are useful for finding specific or obscure information using long search strings, but if you're looking for something popular like games then you'll probably get a search results list running into the millions which isn't much use.

What this means to you:
Don't make the mistake of thinking that the robots will get to your site eventually. Register it. Normally, all you'll need to do is fill in your URL and nothing else. Easy. To attract the attentions of deep search engines (to put your page high on results lists) you need to tailor your page itself which is discussed later.

This is the complete list of deep search engines that use robots to index pages:

  1. Alta Vista
  2. Infoseek
  3. Excite
  4. Webcrawler
  5. Hotbot
  6. Lycos
  7. Northern Light

You see, there aren't many of them.

1.2 Standard Search Engines (Directories)
Don't be put off by the heading, these are often more useful than the deep engines for finding useful, relevant information on general or popular topics.

The only information held in the database is what is input by the people, like yourself, registering their pages by the use of input forms provided by the administrators of the engine. This makes the standard search engines the focus of your attention when it comes to submitting your pages.

Examples of standard search engines:

 

  1. EINet Galaxy
  2. New Rider's Yellow Pages
  3. Starting Point

1.3 Categorised Listings
These sites are arranged much the same as the Standard Directories, except no search engine is involved. Information is held in 'categories' just like the directories on your hard disk, and the categories contain lists of titles, linked to the URL, with short descriptions underneath. The most important thing here is to place your page in the most relevant category where you think people will look for your product.

There are thousands of examples of these listings, often called "free-for-all links pages". They don't get a huge amount of traffic, but if you submit to enough of them the cumulative traffic will add up. You definitely need software to take advantage of these, it's too much to do by hand.

1.4 Yahoo!
This is the undisputed 'king of the search engines' and deserves a section to itself. Yahoo! started off as a categorised listing (it still is) which evolved by having a search engine added once it became mega-popular. Around mid 1996, they started getting worried about the popularity of the up-and-coming Alta Vista, so they pulled yet another master stroke by joining forces with them to form an alliance which was virtually invincible (in late 1998 they switched to a similar partnership with Hotbot). If a search doesn't find a listing within Yahoo! then it defaults to the larger, robot-generated database transparently.

Note: people often make the mistake of thinking they have a Yahoo! listing when they see their page(s) appearing in the results list, when in fact they're looking at the larger database, which isn't the same as a true Yahoo! listing.
70% of the business you get will originate from Yahoo! so if you can get a decent listing here then you're well on your way. However, Yahoo! happens to be by far the most difficult to get listed on.

 

2. Key Words

This is the most crucial part of your promotion strategy. If you choose the wrong keywords, no amount of submitting or page alteration will bring you the quality and amount of traffic that will produce sales of your product.

2.1 Building Your List
Open your plain text editor and list your keywords and keyword phrases, one on each line. Once you have a list, rearrange them in order of priority, the most important ones at the top.

2.2 The Strategy: Targeted vs Blanket
This is something you have to decide right from the beginning. It's quite simple. If you have a large list of keywords, your pages will be found with a broad spectrum of search strings, but they're less likely to be at the top of the results lists (blanket strategy). If you use a limited number of keywords, it increases the density of those few keywords and therefore puts them high up the list (targeted strategy).

So, if your keyword list is naturally short (ie. you're confident that users will search for these above all others) then the target strategy is for you. If you have a long list of products, then the blanket method is for you.

2.3 Empathy With Your Customers
Imagine that you're one of the people who's looking for your type of product. If you had to put a search string into a form, what would it be? The most obvious words are the ones you want to use. If you have to think too hard you'll probably come up with an obscure word that nobody else would think of searching for, which defeats the object.

 

Important: It doesn't matter whether or not you actually sell the product! Don't limit yourself by thinking "What do I sell?" Instead, put yourself in your customers' shoes and ask yourself "What problems and needs is my product solving?" For example, if you're selling massage oils, "sports injuries" would be a good keyword phrase which you wouldn't have thought of if you'd simply browsed a list of your products for inspiration.

2.4 Plurals
When you've completed your keywords list, add the letter 's' to the end of every word (or add the plural of the word to the list in the case of words like cactus/cacti). Many people search for 'games' or 'hotels' and if your keywords are in the singular your page won't be listed and your efforts will have been wasted, whereas your page will be listed in a search for the singular. A search for 'hotel' will find your keyword 'hotels' for example.

2.5 Common words
Avoid words which have a lot to do with the Net in general. When a user searches for one of these words they get a huge number of results and yours is likely to be way down the list.

The purpose of keywords is to target words that will bring people to your site as opposed to other people's. Since nearly every site on the Net is to do with 'web' or 'Internet' or 'services', using these words to target your audience is pretty pointless.

Most of the robot-driven engines actively ignore common words like this.

2.6 Mispelings
If any of your keywords are routinely mis-spelled, include the incorrect version in your keyword list. If you're selling satellite TV dishes, include 'sattelite' on your list.

2.7 Keyword Phrases
These days there are so many pages on the Web that users usually search for 'strings' of at least two or three related words at once, for example "california carpet fitters". Now, if you have all three words on your list separately, you'll be listed below somebody else's page if they've targeted all three words together, in a Keyword Phrase. In the above example you would treat "california carpet fitters" as one word which just happens to have space characters in it.

2.8 Test Your Keywords
Now keep your list handy, visit all the major search engines and enter your keywords one by one to see what comes up in the search results list. Study a few of the top pages which will have a similar topic to yours, and see if there are any other good keywords you could add to your list which you hadn't thought of before. Don't feel guilty about 'cheating', this is common practice.

Don't be tempted to paste the code from the top listings straight onto your page. If you get into the habit of doing that type of thing you'll always be following others and picking up the scraps. The aim is to get ahead of others, and that means being original. That applies to your business in general, not just your promotion strategy.

2.9 The Voyeurs
There are several places you can go to watch users inputting search strings in "real time".

The following page will open in a new browser:

 

I challenge you to watch your screen for five minutes without the word "sex" appearing. Your eyes will boggle at some of these words, it regularly has me laughing out loud. You should treat this just as a fun exercise to take time out from the brain-frying info you've just been reading. If the keywords you've already picked do happen to appear often that's a good thing of course, but don't make the mistake of taking these toys too seriously and targeting keywords simply because they appear often. An off-topic keyword is no keyword at all.

 

 

3. Your Page

Now that you have your keywords, you must apply them to the four elements of your pages that the search engine robots look at:

3.1 <TITLE>

The page <TITLE> is by far the most powerful aspect. Robots consider the <TITLE> of a page to be the most telling description of the content of a page.

Note: this does not mean the first major heading on the page itself, it means the caption, which appears on the title bar of your browser. The <TITLE> of this page is "Ezi Hosting Virtual Web Hosting and Domain Name Registration - Search Engine Tutorial"

It will look at this first, and if it finds a keyword here your page will be displayed above other pages which only have the keyword in the main body of text. Therefore, choose your <TITLE> keywords carefully. Use a few of the most powerful ones and don't make your <TITLE> as long as your arm just to fit all your keywords in (unless your site consists of only one page).

If you have plenty of powerful keywords and a good number of sub-pages, remember that each of those sub-pages has <TITLE> and META fields lying idle. Keep each sub-page <TITLE> short, with a different keyword or two in each. That way, whatever search string the user inputs, there will be one of your pages near the top of the list.

Changing your <TITLE>s regularly used to be a sneaky way to have your pages scattered all over a deep engine's results list. When the robot visited, it thought the new title represented a new page and gave it a new listing. This is becoming less effective now, as the robots become more sophisticated. Worth a try though, if you're bored.

Very important: your <TITLE> is what will appear as the clickable link on the results list. Remember that it's a human who's doing the clicking, so a listing at position #1 that consists of a long string of keywords might not generate as much traffic as a clear descriptive caption halfway down the same list.

The Alphabetical Issue

The deep search engines have never placed any significance on the alphabetical ranking of a page <TITLE>.

Once upon a time, it was important to have a high alphabetical listing for the sake of Yahoo! but in early 1997 they switched the output from alphabetical to relevancy, just like the deep engines. From that point on, the importance of having a low alphabetical title went straight out of the window. Bad news for people who had given their companies silly names like "!!@! Marketing".

Some standard engines still sort alphabetically, but these aren't worth worrying about. The only real advantage you'll get with a low alphabetical title these days is if you've placed your site in a Yahoo! category which has hundreds of listings, for example Web design services, and even then it would only affect people who are browsing the Yahoo! categories rather than using the search facility.

3.2 <BODY>

Keyword Density

The deep search engines sort pages in order of the density of keywords in the document. A simplified example: if my page contained just two words: 'london hotel' then a search for 'london hotel' would put my page at the top of the list because it has a 100% density of the keywords requested. In other words, it doesn't matter how many times keywords appear in the document, only the percentage. This also applies to the document <TITLE> (see above).

One way to capitalise on this is to saturate your document with invisible keywords. For example, I could type london hotel london hotel london hotel... a hundred times and enclose it all in >!-- comment tags --> but the search engine administrators got wise to this a long time ago, and they actively penalise pages that use this method, so I'd forget about this if I were you.

Camouflaged Text: Bad Idea

Another trick that you should definitely not use is to "camouflage" long keyword lists against the background colour of your page. Infoseek has publicly declared that their robot excludes pages that have any text the same colour as the <BODY BGCOLOR. This has upset people who have done this as a part of their design, but there's a lesson to be learned. People are getting around this by using a slightly different colour which still makes their spam invisible, for example their BGCOLOR will be FFFFFF and their spammed keywords will be FFFFFE so the robot won't catch it. However, I would still advise against this because no matter how tiny you make the text, it's still going to produce an ugly gap on your page.

Keep 'Em High

The power of the keywords in the main body of your page diminishes as you go further down the page, so try to include plenty of keywords in the first few paragraphs of text. A <H1> or <H2> heading at the top of the page is a good idea. Always try to use heading tags rather than FONT SIZE whenever possible.

3.3 <META> Tags

If I have to repeat the answer to the following question one more time I think I'm going to be sick, so pay attention:

"I've constructed my META keywords perfectly, so why don't I have a top listing? The sites above me aren't even using META tags at all!"

META keywords will give you an edge, and it's important to have them. However, they cannot even lick the boots of page <TITLE>s and they also fall below page content keyword density in importance.

Only certain engines recognise META tags, but these happen to be the important ones - Alta Vista and Infoseek spring to mind.

All of the deep search engines will store all the words on your page, but you can actually tell the META-enabled ones how to display your page in their results list, and also 'inject' keywords straight into the robot's brain. You're allowed up to 200 keywords, so include your whole keyword list.

Put META tags on all the pages you intend to promote ie. all the pages on your site.

Notes On META Tags:

 

  • Don't repeat the same keyword more than 7 times - I would recommend 3 times, to be safe - otherwise the whole lot is ignored and your page might even get 'penalised' (given low priority or even not included at all).
  • Don't list your repeated keywords next to each other, it's easier to see that you're spamming.
    For example, if you have 3 keywords do it like this:

    web, site, promotion, web, site, promotion, web, site, promotion
    Not like this:
    web, web, web, site, site, site, promotion, promotion, promotion

  • Restrict your META description to 150 characters (including spaces). This is the optimum length to have the whole description displayed on all the search engines, without it being cut short.
  • A META description does not require keywords! Just make it appealing to a human. This text is what's going to convince them to click your listing, so think carefully about it.
  • Have a different META description for each page on your site.
  • Describe your Web site, not your company. The name of the game is to get the user to your Web site. Once they've arrived there, you can describe your company to your heart's content, that's what it's there for. Always tell the user why they should visit your site. They're searching for a Web site, not a company's annual turnover.
  • Keep each META tag on a single line of your HTML code, without line breaks.
<HEAD>

<TITLE>Title</TITLE>

<META Name="description" Content="Your description">
<META Name="keywords" Content="Your keywords">

</HEAD>

Ezi Hosting Meta Tag Designer Software will write your META tags for you, on line.

3.4 Url

Here's a seldom-used tip: you do indeed have control over your URL whether or not you have your own domain name. Most people like to keep their URL short because it's cool, but they're missing out on the use of a powerful keyword, right where it counts.

Let's say you have a site on the subject of hotels and your URL is http://www.domain.com/john-smith/

Consider putting your site in a sub-directory like this: http://www.domain.com/john-smith/hotels/

This will give you three advantages: first, if you ever want to become a commercial webmaster you'll be able to make new Web sites in separate sub-directories; second, by using keywords in your pages and directories, you'll find that your site is easier for you to manage; third, you now have a keyword in the URL of every page, which can't hurt! For example, Yahoo! takes URLs into consideration in their search algorithm.

Waiver: All of the above suggestions are generic and you need to realise that each search engine will look at your page with different ranking criteria!!!

 

 

 

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